Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory OER

Identify

Oral cavity

1. Tongue
2. Teeth
3. Parotid gland
4. Sublingual gland
5. Submandibular gland

Liver 

1. Lobe (right and left)
2. Falciform ligament
3. Hepatic ducts (right and left)
4. Common hepatic duct
5. Gallbladder
6. Cystic duct
7. Common bile duct

Pancreas 

1. Head of pancreas
2. Body of pancreas
3. Tail of pancreas
4. Pancreatic duct (or accessory pancreatic duct)
5. Greater duodenal papilla (or major duodenal papilla)

• Models
  • Digestive System model
  • Head model
• Videos
  • Digestive System model video
• Virtual Lab on McGraw Hill
  • None
• OpenStax Human Anatomy and Physiology textbook
  • Chapter 23.6

Oral cavity
(Head and digestive system models)

1. Tongue - muscular organ in the oral cavity; facilitates ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion (lingual lipase), sensation (taste, texture, and temperature of food), swallowing, and vocalization
2. Teeth - located in the alveoli of mandible and maxilla; humans  have two sets of teeth: 20 deciduous (baby) teeth first begin to appear at about 6 months of age and 32 permanent teeth replacing baby teeth around age 6 and 12; used to tear, grind, and otherwise mechanically break down food
3. Parotid gland - extrinsic salivary gland; located anterior to the ears; secretes saliva into the mouth through the parotid duct ( located near the second upper molar tooth)
4. Sublingual gland - extrinsic salivary gland; located on the floor of the mouth inferior to the tongue; secretes saliva into the mouth through the sublingual duct 
5. Submandibular gland - extrinsic salivary gland; located on the medial side of mandible; secretes saliva into the mouth through the submandibular ducts

Liver 
(Digestive system model)

1. Lobe (right and left) -  the largest gland in the body; located in the abdominal cavity, in the RUQ, inferior to the diaphragm, superior to the gallbladder and lateral to the stomach. It has two primary lobes: a large right lobe and a much smaller left lobe (with additional caudate and quadrate lobes).
2. Falciform ligament -a ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall; separates the left and right lobes.
3. Hepatic ducts (right and left) - tube-like structures that drain bile from the respective (right or left) lobe of the liver; merge into the common hepatic duct
4. Common hepatic duct - tube-like structure exiting the liver and formed by merging right and left hepatic ducts;  carries bile from the liver; merges distally with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct
5. Gallbladder - a pear-shaped, hollow muscular sac located in the RUQ inferior to the liver; has a fundus (widest part), a body (more narrow) that tapers into the infundibulum, which then connects to the neck and cystic duct; stores, concentrates, and, when stimulated, propels the bile into the duodenum via the common bile duct
6. Cystic duct - emerges from the neck of the gallbladder; merges with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
7. Common bile duct -  tube-like structure formed where the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct join; joins with pancreatic duct distally and delivers bile to the duodenum. 

Pancreas 
(Digestive system model)
Pancreas - a mixed gland located in the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal and dorsal to stomach.

1. Head of pancreas - nestled into the “c-shaped” curvature of the duodenum 
2. Body of pancreas - middle part of the pancreas, between the head and the tail 
3. Tail of pancreas - thin tip of the pancreas in the left side of the abdomen, in close proximity to the spleen.
4. Pancreatic duct (or major pancreatic duct) - the duct that joins the pancreas with the common bile duct; delivers pancreatic juice to the duodenum 
5. Greater duodenal papilla (or major duodenal papilla) - a rounded projection in the duodenum; place where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain. 

Module 11 McGraw Hill Connect APR Cadaver Activity