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Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory OER

Materials to accompany KINS 2511 and KINS 2512 Human Anatomy and Physiology labs.

M11 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Identify the following anatomical structures. 

Sarcomere 

  1. Actin 
  2. Myosin
  3. Troponin 
  4. Tropomyosin
  5. Z Line
  6. M Line
  7. A Band
  8. I Band
  9. H Zone

Integument 

  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Corneum
  5. Stratum Lucidum
  6. Epidermis
  7. Dermis
  8. Hypodermis
  9. Dermal Papilla
  10. Arrector Pili Muscle
  11. Reticular Layer
  12. Sebaceous (Oil) Gland
  13. Pacinian Corpuscle
  14. Meissner’s Corpuscle
  15. Sweat Gland
  16. Hair Follicle

REQUIRED MATERIALS

SUMMARY OF REQUIRED ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES

Sarcomere 

  1. Actin - thin contractile myofilament; anchored at the Z discs
  2. Myosin - thick contractile myofilament; anchored at the M line in the middle of the sarcomere.
  3. Troponin - regulatory protein of the sarcomere; attached to the thin filament 
  4. Tropomyosin - regulatory protein of the sarcomere; attached to the thin filament
  5. Z Line - also known as z-disc; forms the borders of the sarcomere; anchors myofilaments 
  6. M Line - runs down the center of the sarcomere, through the middle of the myosin filaments
  7. A Band - at the center of the sarcomere; myosin and actin filaments overlap in peripheral regions of the A band, whereas a middle region (called the H zone) contains only myosin
  8. I Band - the region of the sarcomere with thin filaments only 
  9. H Zone - the region of the A-band; has thick filaments only 

 

Integument 

  1. Stratum Basale - the deepest epidermal layer, one-layer of cuboidal cells
  2. Stratum Spinosum - superficial to stratum basale, 8 -10 layers of keratinocytes, looks “spiny”
  3. Stratum Granulosum - superficial to stratum spinosum, has a grainy appearance, 3-4 layers
  4. Stratum Lucidum - seemingly translucent layer; only found in thick skin between strata granulosum and corneum
  5. Stratum Corneum - most superficial layer, 30-40 layers of dead cells
  6. Epidermis - superficial layer of the skin; made of epithelial tissue
  7. Dermis - deeper layer of the skin; made of connective tissue
  8. Hypodermis - layer directly inferior to the dermis, has blood vessels and adipose tissue
  9. Dermal Papilla - a finger-like projection, or fold, of the dermis into the epidermis; increases the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis
  10. Arrector Pili Muscle - a smooth muscle connected to each hair root; contracts to make the external hair shaft “stand up.” 
  11. Reticular Layer - thicker layer of dermis, inferior to the papillary layer; well vascularized and has a rich nerve supply; appears reticulated (net-like) due to a tight meshwork of fibers.
  12. Sebaceous (Oil) Gland - in mid-dermis; have a duct emptying into the hair follicles; found all over the body;  helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
  13. Pacinian Corpuscle - touch receptor in reticular layer of dermis; looks lamellated (bulbous)
  14. Meissner’s Corpuscle - touch receptor in the papillary layer of the dermis; located in dermal papilla
  15. Sweat Gland (eccrine type) - coiled gland lying deep in the dermis, with the duct rising up to a pore on the skin surface, where the sweat is released.
  16. Hair Follicle - tunnel looking structure in the skin; houses the hair root

ASSESSMENT

Module 11 McGraw Hill Connect APR Cadaver Activity