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Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory OER

Materials to accompany KINS 2511 and KINS 2512 Human Anatomy and Physiology labs.

M1 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Identify the following structural components of the heart. 

  1. Right atrium
  2. Left atrium
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Interventricular septum
  6. Interatrial septum
  7. Fossa ovalis
  8. Anterior interventricular sulcus
  9. Posterior interventricular sulcus
  10. Coronary (atrio-ventricular) sulcus
  11. Tricuspid valve
  12. Bicuspid (mitral) valve
  13. Chordae tendinae
  14. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  15. Aortic semilunar valve
  16. Pectinate muscles
  17. Trabeculae carnae
  18. Papillary muscles
  19. Ligamentum arteriosum

REQUIRED MATERIALS

SUMMARY OF REQUIRED ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES

  1. Right atrium - upper chamber of the heart; receives blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation through the inferior and superior vena cavae
  2. Left atrium - upper chamber of the heart; receives blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circulation through the pulmonary veins
  3. Right ventricle - lower chamber of the heart; discharges blood toward the lungs through the pulmonary trunk 
  4. Left ventricle - lower chamber of the heart; discharges blood toward the entire body through the aorta
  5. Interventricular septum - septum (wall) separating the ventricles internally; prevents mixing of blood between the right and left sides
  6. Interatrial septum - septum (wall) separating atria internally; bears the fossa ovalis; prevents mixing of blood between the right and left sides
  7. Fossa ovalis - an oval-shaped depression on the interatrial septum; a remnant of the foramen ovale 
  8. Anterior interventricular sulcus - longitudinal groove on the anterior surface of the heart that separates the ventricles
  9. Posterior interventricular sulcus - longitudinal groove on the posterior surface of the heart that separates the ventricles 
  10. Coronary (atrio-ventricular) sulcus - horizontal groove on the surface of the heart separating the atria from the ventricles; houses coronary vessels
  11. Tricuspid (right atrio-ventricular) valve - flap of endocardium covering the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle and consists of three cusps;  each flap of the valve is connected to the chordae tendineae; opens and closes based on pressure differences
  12. Bicuspid (left atrioventricular, mitral) valve - flap of endocardium covering the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle and consists of two cusps; each flap of the valve is connected to the chordae tendineae; opens and closes based on pressure differences 
  13. Chordae tendinae - strands of connective tissue attached to the bicuspid and tricuspid valves; “heart string” that help to prevent inversion/prolapse of these valves during ventricular contraction
  14. Pulmonary semilunar valve - flap of endocardium located on the superior region of the right ventricle at the base of the pulmonary trunk; opens and closes based on pressure differences
  15. Aortic semilunar valve - flap of endocardium covering the superior region of the left ventricle at the base of the aorta; opens and closes based on pressure differences
  16. Pectinate muscles - prominent ridges of muscle mainly in the right atrium 
  17. Trabeculae carnae - ridges of cardiac muscle covered by endocardium that line the walls of the ventricles
  18. Papillary muscles - muscles in the ventricles that extend from the inferior ventricular surface; they attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion/prolapse of these valves during ventricular contraction
  19. Ligamentum arteriosum - the remnant of the fetal shunt called the ductus arteriosus that connects the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

ASSESSMENT

Module 1 McGraw Hill APR Cadaver Activity