ENGL 1102 - Dr. Keane - Spring 2025: Citing Sources

Integrating Sources and Quotes in Academic Writing

Effectively integrating sources and quotes is crucial in academic writing. Here’s how to do it using Chicago, APA, and MLA styles:

Chicago Style (Author-Date)

• Quotation: Use a signal phrase to introduce the quote, followed by the author's last name, year, and page number. Example: According to Smith (2020), "quote" (23).
• Paraphrase: Restate the idea in your own words and include the author's last name and year. Example: Smith (2020) argues that paraphrased idea.
• Summary: Condense the main ideas and cite the source. Example: Smith's work (2020) suggests that summary of ideas.

APA Style

• Quotation: Introduce with a signal phrase, followed by the author's last name, year, and page number. Example: Smith (2020) states, "quote" (p. 23).
• Paraphrase: Rephrase the content and include the author and year. Example: Smith (2020) explains that paraphrased idea.
• Summary: Provide a brief overview and cite the source. Example: According to Smith (2020), summary of ideas.

MLA Style

• Quotation: Use a signal phrase and include the author's last name and page number. Example: Smith notes, "quote" (23).
• Paraphrase: Rewrite the passage in your own words and cite the source. Example: Smith suggests that paraphrased idea (23).
• Summary: Summarize the key points with a citation. Example: Smith's research indicates that summary of ideas (23).

Remember, integrating sources involves not just quoting or paraphrasing, but also explaining the relevance of the source to your argument. Always provide proper citations to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.