ENGL 1102 - Morris - Fall 2024
- Welcome!
- Evaluating Information
- Library & Web Search Strategies
- Citing Sources
- Humans vs. AI: Citation Showdown
- End here: How did it go?
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Need more citation assistance? Check out Zotero!
Using Zotero for Citation Management
Zotero is a free tool that helps you collect, organize, cite, and share research. It allows you to save references from web pages and databases with a single click.
- Collect references easily
- Organize with tags and collections
- Cite in various styles
- Share with collaborators
Learn more at the Zotero website.
If you need assistance with setting up or using Zotero, feel free to book an appointment with me!
Hanging Indent
What is a Hanging Indent?
A hanging indent is a formatting style commonly used in bibliographies and reference lists where the first line of a citation is flush left, and subsequent lines are indented. This format enhances readability and helps distinguish between different entries. Typically used in citation styles like APA and MLA, a hanging indent makes it easier for readers to locate and identify sources in academic writing. To create a hanging indent in your document, adjust the paragraph settings in your word processor to indent all lines except the first.
Common Citation Styles
Citing Sources in MLA Style (9th Edition)
| Source Type | In-text Citation | Works Cited Entry |
|---|---|---|
| Book | (Aprilson 45) | Aprilson, Andy. The Emergency Budget Task Force Handbook. Haberdasher, 2001. |
| Chapter in an Edited Book | (MacDonald 35) | MacDonald, George. "The Golden Key." In Tales Before Tolkien: The Roots of Modern Fantasy, edited by Douglas A. Anderson, Ballantine, 2003, pp. 27-57. |
| Journal Article | (Coxswain et al. 125) | Coxswain, Abraham D., Frederick Blursdale III, Thaddeus T. Landover, and Jose Sanchez. "Analyzing the Psychology of Odd Juxtaposition." Name Technology, vol. 42, no. 3, 1986, pp. 121-342. Directory of Open Access Journals, https://doi.org/xxxxxxxx. |
| Newspaper Article | (Manjoo) | Manjoo, Farhad. "Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera." New York Times, 8 Mar. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html. |
| Magazine Article | (Mead) | Mead, Rebecca. "The Prophet of Dystopia." New Yorker, 17 Apr. 2017. |
| Online News Article | (Pai) | Pai, Tanya. "The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps." Vox, 11 Apr. 2017, www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter. |
| Blog Post | (Smith) | Rosenthal, David. "More Cryptocurrency Gaslightning." DSHR's BLOG, 1 Aug. 2024, https://blog.dshr.org/2024/08/more-cryptocurrency-gaslighting.html. |
Citing Sources in APA Style (7th Edition)
| Source Type | In-text Citation | Reference List Entry |
|---|---|---|
| Book | (Smith, 2020) | Smith, J. (2020). The evolution of citation styles. University of Chicago Press. |
| Chapter in an Edited Book | (Jones, 2019) | Jones, S. (2019). Chicago style in academia. In E. Brown (Ed.), Citation styles across disciplines (pp. 75-92). Academic Press. |
| Journal Article | (Davis, 2021) | Davis, E. (2021). Trends in citation practices. Journal of Academic Writing, 15(2), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1234/jaw.2021.15.2.110 |
| Newspaper Article | (Manjoo, 2017) | Manjoo, F. (2017, March 8). Snap makes a bet on the cultural supremacy of the camera. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html |
| Magazine Article | (Mead, 2017) | Mead, R. (2017, April 17). The prophet of dystopia. New Yorker. |
| Online News Article | (Pai, 2017) | Pai, T. (2017, April 11). The squishy, sugary history of Peeps. Vox. http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter |
| Blog Post | (Smith, 2023) | Rosenthal, D. (2024, August 1). More cryptocurrency gaslighting. DSHR's Blog. https://blog.dshr.org/2024/08/more-cryptocurrency-gaslighting.html |
- APA: Handouts & Guides The following are instructional aids for the seventh edition Publication Manual, Concise Guide to APA Style, and Mastering APA Style Student Workbook. They can be used in homes, classrooms, libraries, or anywhere you are learning or teaching APA Style.
- APA: Common Reference Examples Guide This guide contains examples of common types of APA Style references. Section numbers indicate where to find the examples in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
Citing Sources in Chicago Style (Author-Date)
| Source Type | In-text Citation | Reference List Entry |
|---|---|---|
| Book | (Smith 2020, 45) | Smith, John. 2020. The Evolution of Citation Styles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
| Chapter in an Edited Book | (Jones 2019, 78) | Jones, Sarah. 2019. "Chicago Style in Academia." In Citation Styles Across Disciplines, edited by Emily Brown, 75-92. New York: Academic Press. |
| Journal Article | (Davis 2021, 112) | Davis, Emma. 2021. "Trends in Citation Practices." Journal of Academic Writing 15 (2): 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1234/jaw.2021.15.2.110. |
| Newspaper Article | (Manjoo 2017) | Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. "Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera." New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html?smid=url-share |
| Magazine Article | (Mead 2017) | Mead, Rebecca. 2017. "The Prophet of Dystopia." New Yorker, April 17, 2017. |
| Online News Article | (Pai 2017) | Pai, Tanya. 2017. "The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps." Vox, April 11, 2017. https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter. |
| Blog Post | (Smith 2023) | Rosenthal, David. 2024. "More Cryptocurrency Gaslightning." DSHR's Blog. Accessed August 8, 2024. https://blog.dshr.org/2024/08/more-cryptocurrency-gaslighting.html. |
Integrating Sources into Academic Writing
Integrating Sources and Quotes in Academic Writing
Effectively integrating sources and quotes is crucial in academic writing. Here’s how to do it using Chicago, APA, and MLA styles:
Chicago Style (Author-Date)
- Quotation: Use a signal phrase to introduce the quote, followed by the author's last name, year, and page number. Example: According to Smith (2020), "quote" (23).
- Paraphrase: Restate the idea in your own words and include the author's last name and year. Example: Smith (2020) argues that paraphrased idea.
- Summary: Condense the main ideas and cite the source. Example: Smith's work (2020) suggests that summary of ideas.
APA Style
- Quotation: Introduce with a signal phrase, followed by the author's last name, year, and page number. Example: Smith (2020) states, "quote" (p. 23).
- Paraphrase: Rephrase the content and include the author and year. Example: Smith (2020) explains that paraphrased idea.
- Summary: Provide a brief overview and cite the source. Example: According to Smith (2020), summary of ideas.
MLA Style
- Quotation: Use a signal phrase and include the author's last name and page number. Example: Smith notes, "quote" (23).
- Paraphrase: Rewrite the passage in your own words and cite the source. Example: Smith suggests that paraphrased idea (23).
- Summary: Summarize the key points with a citation. Example: Smith's research indicates that summary of ideas (23).
Remember, integrating sources involves not just quoting or paraphrasing, but also explaining the relevance of the source to your argument. Always provide proper citations to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.